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    by  Chris Woodford .  Last updated: March 15, 2016. S tare into the sky most days and you'll see some huge capacitors floating over your head. Capacitors (sometimes known as condensers) are energy-storing devices that are widely used in  televisions ,  radios , and other kinds of  electronic  equipment. Tune a radio into a station, take a flash photo with a  digital camera , or flick the channels on your  HDTV  and you're making good use of capacitors. The capacitors that drift through the sky are better known as clouds and, though they're absolutely gigantic compared to the capacitors we use in electronics, they store energy in exactly the same way. Let's take a closer look at capacitors and how they work! Photo: A typical capacitor used in electronic circuits. This one is called an electrolytic capacitor and it's rated as 4.7 μF (4.7 microfarads), with a working voltage of 350 volts (350 V). What is a capaci...

What is a relay?  How can we connect relay to a circuit?  What is relay driver?  These are some of the common doubts of an electronics beginner. Don’t worry, here  CG   will guide you with the basic concepts and  working of relays..! Relays were  invented  in 1835 by an American scientist  Joseph Henry . You can turn on larger electrical machines and electrical appliances by sensor currents with the help of relays. When the relay coil is energized by a small current, the coil will attract a common contact to another contact making the circuit closed. Relay has wide varieties of applications in different industries. We have discussed many circuit applications making use of relay like  automatic water tank level controller  and  clap switch using 555 timer . What is Relay? Usually a relay is used in a circuit as a magnetic switch to turn on a second circuit. A relay is an electromagnetic switch, which is activa...

You may wonder if it’s possible to  control  a  light  using a  remote controller . In this article CircuitsGallery  presents an interesting DIY circuit that helps you to turn ON and OFF a lamp with a remote control. Here we have made use of  TSOP , an IR receiver which detects the IR rays from the remote. NE555  is the next important part which produces a clock pulse for toggling the  D flip flop .The  relay  helps to  connect  any  electrical devices  to the circuit and you can control any electrical equipment, not only a light. You must need regulated power supply of 5 volt to do this circuit because TSOP requires 5v. Its voltage should not exceed 5V. You can use normal remote control of home appliances for this and of course I meant the one with Infra Red transmitter. Or else if you’re interested to make one of your own then it’s simple, just have a look at our  simple IR transmitter and receiver...

. The symbols represent electrical and electronic components. Table of  Electrical Symbols Symbol Component name Meaning Wire Symbols Electrical Wire Conductor of electrical current Connected Wires Connected crossing Not Connected Wires Wires are not connected Switch Symbols and Relay Symbols SPST Toggle Switch Disconnects current when open SPDT Toggle Switch Selects between two connections Pushbutton Switch (N.O) Momentary switch - normally open Pushbutton Switch (N.C) Momentary switch - normally closed DIP Switch DIP switch is used for onboard configuration SPST Relay Relay open / close connection by an electromagnet SPDT Relay Jumper Close connection by jumper insertion on pins. Solder Bridge Solder to close connection Ground Symbols Earth Ground Used for zero potential reference and electrical shock protection. Chassis Ground Connected to the chassis of the circuit Digital / Common Ground   Resistor Symbols Resistor  (IEEE) Resistor...